Detergents
Detergents have many uses in our daily life, they can remove dirt and grime from any surface. Production of detergents includes a wide range of processing and packaging operations. Detergent products can be an all-purpose laundry detergent or a special cleaner such as glass cleaner. In the first step, manufacturers of detergent raw materials must choose the right raw material. A suitable raw material must pass through many filters, including safety for humans and the environment, cost, compatibility with other materials, shape and specific characteristics of the final product. What are the basic ingredients of detergent? Detergents are compounds that can remove dirt on any surface. They are used for washing, there are many types and these days the demand for them is very high. Most detergents are used in homes in the form of dry or liquid powders. The most important alkaline compounds in detergents that increase the performance of products include sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, and phosphates.
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Synthetic anionic detergents:
In general, fatty alcohols are considered the raw materials of synthetic anionic detergents. Inexpensive triglycerides such as coconut oil and palm kernel were among the products that rapidly increased efforts to extract them. But today, the most important raw material for the production of detergents is alkylbenzene, which includes about 50% of all detergent products.
Alkylbenzene:
In the past, the alkyl molecule was obtained from petrochemical propylene gas. This molecular group was attached to benzene by alkylation reaction with different catalysts and made alkylbenzene. Today, with sulfonation, they make alkylbenzene sulfonate, which is sold in powder and liquid form. This material has very good washing and cleaning properties and also produces a high foam. One of the disadvantages of this material is that it is hard to remove the foam produced by it. After passing through cities, this foam reaches rivers and then seas through sewers. Then it creates problems along the river and the water and sewage recovery system. It also causes problems and damages in countries that use sewage water for irrigation.
Non-ionic detergents:
The most important non-ionic detergents are obtained by condensing compounds with hydrophobic molecular groups, hydroxyl groups with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The most common compounds are either alkylphenol or a long-chain alcohol that has a hydroxyl group at the end of the molecule. During condensation, ethylene oxide molecules form a chain that is attached to the hydroxyl group. The length of this chain and the structure of alkyl phenol or alcohol determine the properties of detergents. Other nonionic detergents are concentrated from fatty acids and organic amines and are used as foam stabilizers in liquid detergents and shampoos. Some non-ionic detergents may cause problems by forming unwanted foam in the sewage system. But this problem is not as serious as anionic detergents.
Cationic detergents:
These compounds contain a long chain cation which is responsible for their surface active properties. These materials are sold in the form of powder, paste or aqueous solution. They have good moisturizing, foaming and emulsifying properties; But they are not good detergents. Most of these materials are used in places where anionic detergents cannot be used. Cationic detergents have excellent germicidal properties, so they are used in diluted form in surgeries.
Ampholytic detergents:
These compounds are used for special purposes in shampoos, cosmetics and in the plating industry; But they are not very popular now.
Triethanolamine Lauryl Ether Sulfate (Behdamine) – Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (Texapone) (Texapone N70 / Texapen Sadafi) – Ethoxylated tallowamine – Sodium Tripolyphosphate – Monosodium Phosphate – Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate – Dimethylaminopropylamine – Sulfosuccinate – Alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (sulfonic acid) – Diethanolamide (DEA) (Soyamide) – Diethanolamine lauric acid (LDEA) (Loramide) – Citric acid (lemon juice) – Surfactants including: types of alkyl sulfates: sodium alkyl sulfonate (Hostapur) / Acyloxyethyl / Decyl Glucoside / Coco Glucoside Coco Glucoside / Lauryl glucoside Lauryl Glucoside / Cocamidopropyl betaine / Alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (sulfonic acid) / Acyloxyethyl / – ethyl alcohol or (ethanol) – ethylene glycol Monostearate – Ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS) – Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Dimethicone) – Sodium metasilicate – Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) – Triethanolamine – Glycerin – Yellow water – Butyl acrylate – Disodium Lauryl ether sulfosuccinate – soyamide fatty acid diethanolamide (EGMS) – sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) – sorbitol – ammonium lauryl ether sulfate – tetrapotassium pyrophosphate – ammonium persulfate – teracetylethylene diamine – diethanolamide – EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) – tetrasodium etidorant – trisodium phosphate – alkyl betaine – alkylamine oxide – polyethylene glycol – sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) – nonylphenol ethoxylated 10 moles (soap 10 moles) NPE 6 and nonylphenol ethoxylated Mole 10 (Soap Mole 10) NPE 10 – CMC (CMC) – HPMC – Chloromethylisothiazoline and methylisothiazoline complex – Soap chips 20/80 / Soap Mole 10 (NPE) (nonylphenol ethoxylate) / Coconut fatty acid / Stearic acid / Oleic acid / Citric acid / Fatty alcohol / Borax / Penta borax / Deca borax / Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) / Potassium silicate / Ammonium bifluoride / Isobutanol / Phenol etc
Descalers (discolor acid, etc.) – catalytic enzymes (protease enzyme, cellulase, lipase, amylase and pectinase…) – essential oils – detergent – optical brightener – emulsifiers – anti-redeposition agents – CMC CMC) methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol (PEG), etc.) – Builders or chelating agents (citric acid, boric acid and polycarboxylate, etc.) – Dispersing agents – pH regulators – Preservatives (edta and isothiazoline, etc.) – Stabilizers – Anionic / non-ionic surfactants (ethoxylated alcohols – fatty acid esters, etc.) / cationic (benzothonium chloride – acetylpyridinium chloride) / amphoteric (cocamidopropyl betaine) / betaine / Lonzabac MP
(Polyquaternium 7) – (Polyquaternium 10)
Colorants-Enzyme-Essence-Optical brightener-Water Softener, etc
Isothiazoline biocide – dibromonitrilopropylamide (DBNPA biocide)
Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) – Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) – Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) – Antiscalant Flucan 260